AP Top News｜以色列表示将占领加沙。以下是巴勒斯坦领土最近动荡历史的回顾

JERUSALEM (AP) Israels Cabinet voted Monday to seize the Gaza Strip for an unspecified amount of time in a move that could see Israel reestablish control over a territory it vacated two decades ago.

Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005 after a decades-long occupation and then imposed a blockade on the territory along with Egypt.

Israeli officials did not clarify Monday what a reoccupation of Gaza would entail, but the announcement raises the potential for the reestablishment of Israeli settlements inside the territory. Israels settler movement has been emboldened under its current ultranationalist government.

Details were not formally announced, and Israeli leaders have said the expansion of operations will not begin until after President Donald Trumps visit. The plan may be another measure by Israel to try to pressure Hamas into making concessions in ceasefire negotiations.

Seizing Gaza would further dim hopes for Palestinian statehood, embed Israel inside a population deeply hostile to it and raise questions about how Israel plans to govern the territory, especially as it considers how to implement President Donald Trumps vision to take over Gaza and resettle Palestinians elsewhere.

Palestinians see Gaza as an integral part of their future state, even if the rulers have changed over decades. Palestinian statehood on land that would include the territory has broad international support.

Heres a look at the troubled modern history of the Gaza Strip:

1967 1993: Israel seizes control of Gaza from Egypt

Israel seized control of Gaza from Egypt during the 1967 Mideast war, when it also captured the West Bank and east Jerusalem areas that remain under Israeli control. The internationally recognized Palestinian Authority, which administers semi-autonomous areas of the occupied West Bank, seeks all three areas for a hoped-for future Palestinian state.

Israel built more than 20 Jewish settlements in Gaza during this period. It also signed a peace treaty with Egypt at Camp David a pact negotiated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi referenced this 40-year-old treaty when he declined to permit Palestinian refugees from Gaza into Egypt, saying the potential entrance of militants into Egypt would threaten longstanding peace between Israel and Egypt.

The first Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation erupted in Gaza in December 1987, kicking off more than five years of sustained protests and bloody violence. It was also during this time that the Islamic militant group Hamas was established in Gaza.

1993 2005: The Palestinian Authority takes charge

For a time, promising peace talks between Israeli and Palestinian leaders made the future of Gaza look somewhat hopeful.

Following the Oslo accords , a set of agreements between Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat that laid the groundwork for a two-state solution, control of Gaza was handed to the fledgling Palestinian Authority.

But the optimism was short lived. A series of Palestinian suicide attacks by Hamas militants, the 1995 assassination of Rabin by a Jewish ultranationalist opposed to his peacemaking, and the election of Benjamin Netanyahu as prime minister the following year all hindered U.S.-led peace efforts. Another peace push collapsed in late 2000 with the eruption of the second Palestinian uprising.

As the uprising fizzled in 2005, then-Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon led a unilateral withdrawal from Gaza, uprooting all of Israels troops and roughly 9,000 settlers in a move that bitterly divided Israel.

2005 2023: Hamas seizes power

Just months after Israels withdrawal, Hamas won parliamentary elections over Fatah, the long-dominant Palestinian political party. In 2007 after months of infighting, Hamas violently seized control of Gaza from the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority.

Israel and Egypt imposed a crippling blockade on the territory, monitoring the flow of goods and people in and out. For nearly two decades, the closure has crippled the local economy, sent unemployment skyrocketing, and emboldened militancy in Gaza, which is one of the most densely populated places on the planet.

Through previous wars and countless smaller battles with Israel that devastated Gaza , Hamas grew more powerful. In each subsequent conflict, Hamas had more rockets that traveled farther and the group displayed a growing array of weapons. Its top leaders survived and ceasefires were secured. It built a government, including a police force, ministries and border terminals equipped with metal detectors and passport control.

2023 Hamas attack sparks the Israel-Hamas war

The Oct. 7, 2023, a Hamas attack on Israel killed some 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and saw around 250 people taken hostage. Israel says 59 captives remain in Gaza, although about 35 are believed to be dead.

Since Israel ended a ceasefire with the Hamas militant group in mid-March, Israel has unleashed fierce strikes on the territory that have killed hundreds. It has captured swaths of territory and now controls roughly 50% of Gaza. Before the truce ended, Israel halted all humanitarian aid into the territory , including food, fuel and water, setting off what is believed to the be the worst humanitarian crisis in nearly 19 months of war.

Israels offensive has displaced more than 90% of Gazas population and killed more than 52,000 people there, many of them women and children, Palestinian health officials say. They do not distinguish between combatants and civilians in their count.

Unlike past wars, in this conflict Israel has acknowledged killing top Hamas leaders like Yahya Sinwar and Mohammed Deif , the believed masterminds of the Oct. 7 attack, and Ismail Haniyeh , the head of Hamas political bureau.

Still, some of the groups militants survived and were quick to emerge from hiding following the ceasefire. They were visible policing the streets and organizing sometimes-chaotic handovers of hostages.

耶路撒冷（美联社）以色列内阁周一投票决定，将加沙地带夺回，并控制一段时间，这是以色列重新夺回其20年前放弃的领土的一个举动。

以色列在长达数十年的占领后于2005年撤离加沙，并同埃及一起对该地区实施了封锁。

以色列官员在周一并未明确阐述重新占领加沙将带来的具体后果，但这一声明暗示了有可能在加沙地区重建以色列定居点。在当前的极右翼政府领导下，以色列的定居者运动得到了支持与鼓励。

该计划的细节尚未正式公布，以色列领导人表示，在总统唐纳德·特朗普访问后才会开始扩大行动。该计划可能是以色列的另一项措施，旨在迫使哈马斯在停火谈判中做出让步。

占领加沙将进一步削弱巴勒斯坦国地位的希望，使以色列深陷一个对其深恶痛绝的民众群体中，并引发关于以色列计划如何治理该领土的问题，尤其是当以色列考虑如何实施特朗普总统接管加沙和在其他地方重新安置巴勒斯坦人的愿景时。

尽管数十年来统治者几经更迭，但巴勒斯坦人仍将加沙视为其未来国家不可分割的一部分。在包括该领土在内的土地上实现巴勒斯坦国的主权，得到了广泛的国际支持。

让我们回顾一下加沙地带的现代历史，这段历史充满了动荡和挑战：

1967年至1993年：以色列从埃及手中夺取对加沙的控制权

1967年中东战争期间，以色列从埃及手中夺取了对加沙的控制权，同时也占领了西岸和东耶路撒冷——这些地区目前仍处在以色列的控制之下。国际公认的巴勒斯坦权力机构（该机构管理被占领的西岸的半自治地区）寻求包括这三个地区在内的领土，以建立一个未来希望的巴勒斯坦国家。

在此期间，以色列在加沙地区建立了20多个犹太人定居点。此外，以色列还与埃及在戴维营签署了一项和平条约——这项由美国总统吉米·卡特（Jimmy Carter）谈判达成的协定。

埃及总统阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·塞西（Abdel Fattah el-Sissi）在拒绝允许加沙的巴勒斯坦难民进入埃及时，引用了这一40年的条约，他表示，如果武装分子进入埃及，将会威胁到以色列和埃及之间长久以来的和平。

1987年12月，加沙地区爆发了巴勒斯坦人对抗以色列占领的首次起义，持续了五年多，期间伴随着持续的抗议和血腥暴力。也正是在这一时期，伊斯兰激进组织哈马斯在加沙地区成立。

1993年至2005年：巴勒斯坦权力机构接管

一段时间内，以色列和巴勒斯坦领导人之间充满希望的和平谈判使加沙的未来看起来颇具希望。

在奥斯陆协议之后，以色列总理伊扎克·拉宾与巴勒斯坦解放组织领导人亚西尔·阿拉法特达成了一系列协议，为两国解决方案奠定了基础，并将加沙的控制权交给了新兴的巴勒斯坦权力机构。

然而，这种乐观情绪并未持久。哈马斯武装分子的巴勒斯坦自杀式袭击、1995年犹太极端民族主义者反对拉宾和平努力的暗杀行动、以及次年本雅明·内塔尼亚胡当选为总理，都阻碍了美国主导的和平努力。2000年晚些时候，随着第二次巴勒斯坦起义的爆发，另一轮和平推动也宣告失败。

2005年，起义平息后，时任以色列总理阿里埃尔·沙龙（Ariel Sharon）领导以色列单方面从加沙撤军，撤离了以色列的所有军队和大约9000名定居者，这一举动使以色列陷入了严重的分裂。

2005年至2023年：哈马斯掌权

在以色列撤军仅数月后，哈马斯（Hamas）在议会选举中击败了长期占据主导地位的巴勒斯坦政治派别法塔赫（Fatah）。2007年，经过数月的内斗后，哈马斯暴力夺取了加沙地带控制权，从法塔赫领导的巴勒斯坦权力机构手中接管。

以色列和埃及对这一地区实施了致命的封锁，监视着进出商品的流动和人员往来。近二十年来，这一封锁已经使当地经济陷入瘫痪，失业率飙升，而加沙作为地球上人口最密集的地区之一，其内部的武装斗争也愈发猖獗。

在以前与以色列的战争和无数小规模冲突中，这些冲突摧毁了加沙，哈马斯逐渐变得更为强大。在随后的每一次冲突中，哈马斯的火箭弹射程更远，该组织所展示的武器种类也越来越多。其高级领导人得以幸存，停火得以实现。哈马斯建立了政府，包括警察部队、各部委以及配备金属探测器和护照控制的边境终端。

2023年，哈马斯（Hamas）的袭击引发了以色列（Israel）与哈马斯之间的战争

2023年10月7日，哈马斯对以色列的袭击导致大约1,200人死亡，其中大部分为平民，并有约250人被劫为人质。以色列方面表示，有59名人质仍然被困在加沙地带，尽管大约有35人被认为已经死亡。

自以色列在3月中旬与哈马斯激进组织结束停火以来，以色列对该领土发动了猛烈的袭击，导致数百人死亡。以色列已占领了大量领土，目前控制着加沙约50%的地区。在停火结束之前，以色列中止了向该领土提供所有的人道主义援助，包括食物、燃料和水，这引发了近19个月战争中最为严重的人道主义危机。

巴勒斯坦卫生官员表示，以色列的这次攻势导致加沙90%以上的人口流离失所，并造成超过52,000人死亡，其中许多人都是妇女和儿童。他们在统计时并不区分战斗人员和平民。

与以往的战争不同，在此次冲突中，以色列已经承认杀害了哈马斯的主要领导人，如10月7日袭击的幕后主使亚西亚·辛瓦尔和穆罕默德·迪夫，以及哈马斯政治局主席伊斯梅尔·哈尼耶。

尽管如此，该组织的一些武装分子在停火后迅速现身，他们出现在街头维护治安，并组织了时而混乱的劫持人质事件。